Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender and climate change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seema Arora-Jonsson 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):744-751

In the limited literature on gender and climate change, two themes predominate - women as vulnerable or virtuous in relation to the environment. Two viewpoints become obvious: women in the South will be affected more by climate change than men in those countries and that men in the North pollute more than women. The debates are structured in specific ways in the North and the South and the discussion in the article focuses largely on examples from Sweden and India. The article traces the lineage of the arguments to the women, environment and development discussions, examining how they recur in new forms in climate debates. Questioning assumptions about women's vulnerability and virtuousness, it highlights how a focus on women's vulnerability or virtuousness can deflect attention from inequalities in decision-making. By reiterating statements about poor women in the South and the pro-environmental women of the North, these assumptions reinforce North-South biases. Generalizations about women's vulnerability and virtuousness can lead to an increase in women's responsibility without corresponding rewards. There is need to contextualise debates on climate change to enable action and to respond effectively to its adverse effects in particular places.  相似文献   

Governance and technology transfer in the Clean Development Mechanism in India     

Jon Phillips  Kasturi Das  Peter Newell 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1594-1604

Despite significant technological advances in emerging economies, the further development of clean energy technologies in developing countries remains crucial to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with economic development. In this paper we address two significant gaps in the growing body of literature that has assessed the role of the Clean Development Mechanism in promoting the transfer of clean technologies to developing countries. First, we present a qualitative analysis of the governance of the Clean Development Mechanism in India. This provides a basis for understanding the extent to which and the ways in which governance may impact upon the likelihood that projects promote technology transfer. Second, we provide a novel quantification of the level and nature of technology transfer that has occurred in Indian Clean Development Mechanism projects, based on insights from literature on technological capability building. We find that the Clean Development Mechanism in India has produced a negligible number of projects that promote technology transfer if technology transfer is understood as a process of learning about technology. Together these qualitative and quantitative analyses show how politics and governance have contributed to the current form of the Clean Development Mechanism market in India, in which processes of building indigenous technological capabilities have been neglected.  相似文献   

居民地方感对区域旅游发展支持度影响——以九寨沟旅游核心社区为例   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

许振晓  张捷  Geoffrey Wall  曹靖  张宏磊 《地理学报》2009,64(6):736-744

基于"地方感"、"期望理论"两个基本理论,从旅游核心社区居民地方感、旅游发展期望、旅游发展获益感知、旅游发展成本感知以及旅游发展支持度五个结构变量Ⅲ发,通过引入旅游发展期望值作为中介变量,构建居民地方感对旅游发展支持度内部影响机制的理论模型.以世界遗产地几寨沟为实证研究对象,通过验证性因子分析和三阶段结构方程模型的定量分析,校验理论模型中各结构因子、结构因子与其所含维度之间影响路径及其系数,定量测度了居民的旅游发展期望在居民地方感与旅游发展正反影响感知关联中的中介效用和影响机制,及对旅游发展支持度的潜在影响模式.研究结果表明:①居民地方感对居民旅游发展正反影响感知的作用存在差异,地方感对获益感知的作用远大于成本感知.②居民从旅游发展中感知获益有助于他们对当地旅游发展持更积极态度.而成本感知则会产生消极影响.③居民旅游发展期望中介效用的存在性和有效性,居民地方感通过发展期望,强化了对旅游发展影响感知及旅游支持度作用.④发展期望在居民旅游发展正反影响感知两结构模型中的中介效用存在强弱,在感知获益子结构模型的中介作用强于感知成本子模型.  相似文献   

薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征及开发应用前景     

王泽蛟 《城市地质》2019,14(1):60-64

通过对薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征分析,阐述了该矿床的成因类型,为中酸性侵入岩型。钾长石矿严格受沿断裂侵入的燕山期碱性正长岩小岩株控制,通过岩浆结晶分离作用而形成,区内矿体基本裸露于地表,地表出露体呈零星分布,矿体形态均不规则。矿体的主要矿物为钾长石,次要矿物为石英、条纹长石、绢云母、黑云母、角闪石,副矿物为黄铁矿、磁铁矿。矿石自然类型为碱性正长岩型,工业类型为玻璃及建筑陶瓷用钾长石矿,开发利用方向为玻璃及建筑陶瓷工业原料。  相似文献   

Re-reading remittances through solidarity: Mexican hometown associations in New York City     

《Geoforum》2017

This paper analyzes how Mexican hometown associations in New York City practice solidarity so that they might best meet the needs of the transnational communities that they serve. Commonly formed by immigrants in the United States, hometown associations are organizations which send money collectively to their home countries, supporting public infrastructure and community projects. Scholars have debated both the merits of remittance programs that channel migrant funds as economic development and the agency of immigrant economies in neoliberal development structures. Through primary data collected from interviews in New York City, I review the frustrations that hometown associations have with one such program: Mexico's programa tres por uno para migrantes. Concurrently, I examine how the same hometown associations engage ethical economic practices of collective remittance sending and community service provision in New York City. Drawing on feminist literature on diverse economies, I argue that the solidarity work of hometown associations disrupts the dominant remittance as development discourse. Migrants are not content to participate in tres por uno and through practicing solidarity they distance themselves from this neoliberal policy.  相似文献   

Controls of hydrocarbon generation on the development of expulsion fractures in organic-rich shale: Based on the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The development of expulsion fractures in organic-rich shale is closely related to hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from kerogen. Organic-rich shales from the upper part of the fourth member and the lower part of the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China, are used as an example. Based on thin sections, SEM and thermal simulation experiments, the characteristics of hydrocarbon generation and the conditions supporting the development of expulsion fractures were explored. The key factors influencing these fractures include the presence of kerogens, their distribution along laminae and around particle boundaries, their exposure to heat and the build-up in pressure due to confinement by low permeability. The development of excess pore fluid pressures and intrinsic low rock fracture strength are the main influencing factors. Pressurization by rapid generation of hydrocarbon provides impetus for fracture initiation and cause bitumen to migrate quickly. The shale laminae results in distinctly lower fracture strength laminae-parallel than laminae-normal and this directs the formation of new fractures in the direction of weakness. When pore fluid pressure increases, maximum and minimum principal effective stresses decrease by different proportions with a larger reduction in the maximum principal effective stress. This increases the deviatoric stress and reduces the mean stress, thus driving the rock towards failure. Moreover, the tabular shape of the kerogen aids the generation of hydrocarbon and the initiation of expulsion fractures from the tip and edge. The resulting fractures extend along the laminae when the tensile strength is lower in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Particle contact boundaries are weak and allow fractures to expand around particles and to curve as the stress/strength regime changes. When pore fluid pressure fields at different fracture tips overlap, fractures will propagate and interconnect, forming a network. This paper could provide us more detailed understanding of the forming processes of expulsion fractures and better comprehension about hydrocarbon expulsion (primary migration) in source rocks.  相似文献   

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?     

《Marine Policy》2017

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.  相似文献   

现代战争特点及军事地质调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙兴丽  刘晓煌  鲁继元  毛景文  徐学义  关洪军  李保飞  刘玖芬  鲍宽乐  鲁世朋 《地质论评》2017,63(1):99-112

作为地质学研究对象的地形、地貌、工程地质和地质灾害在传统的接触式战争中发挥过重要的作用,创造了许多战争奇迹,但在以精确全球打击,前线与后方界线模糊、陆军作战作用弱化的现代战争,地质对战争是否还有影响?本文围绕这一问题,通过对战争阶段演化及地质应用历史分析,从现代战争特点和对军事地质需求分析人手,利用军事学思维,讨论了地质学的地质体力学性质、地球化学性质、地球物理性质和地质灾害等内容在现代战争中的作用,主要包括精确打击和重点防御目标的优选、打击地面工事的武器选配、目标侦测和靶区选择、海洋战争环境建设和战争评估、地面临时机动路线规划和工事选址等方面;探讨了军事地质调查的重点区域、方法手段、比例尺选择问题,以及在区域地质、工程地质、水文地质、灾害地质、地球物理调查基础上开展军事地质调查的工作流程及成果表达问题,分析了未来军事地质重点研究发展方向,为地质学在现代战争中的应用提供思路。  相似文献   

公交导向型城市开发机理及模式构建     

王姣娥 《地理科学进展》2013,32(10):1470-1478

城市交通、土地利用和城市空间结构的相互关系一直是城市地理学、城市规划学和交通地理学研究的核心问题。大容量公共交通、混合型土地开发、宜人的步行环境和高质量的公交服务是公交导向型开发(TOD)模式的主要特点。本文分析了TOD对城市土地利用和城市空间结构的作用机理发现:土地开发强度、土地利用结构以及土地价值是TOD影响城市土地利用的3 个主要方面,而TOD对路网结构、城市规模和城市空间布局的作用进一步影响城市空间结构及其演化。进一步研究发现:大容量公共交通的建设使得城市竞租曲线和开发密度具有多波峰的特点,遵循"随着时间的变化从城市中心向外围递减"的规律。基于中外城市发展背景差异,本文从宏观、中观和微观3 个层面提出建立以大容量公共交通为主轴、以TOD站点为枢纽的轴辐网络状城市空间结构,并提出了TOD站点开发的距离、级差密度、多样性和设计的4Ds原则。  相似文献   

广州市跨国制造企业研发模式演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏丽丽  林子棋 《热带地理》2014,34(2):191-198

跨国资本对发展中地区创新过程的影响已获得学术界高度关注,但对跨国资本在发展中地区研发模式的演变及其影响因素的研究仍然有限。通过半结构式问卷调研与深入访谈,对广州市跨国制造企业研发模式演变及引致其模式变迁的本土因素进行研究。结果表明：跨国制造企业研发模式的演变主要表现为本地研发人员比例逐步提高,开始构建包含本地创新主体在内的多渠道技术获取网络;调整新产品发布策略,加大对核心技术的保护;增加对研发资源的投入,“独立”和“辅助”母公司技术研发的职能显化,开始将本土企业纳入创新链条等。市场规模扩张、本土企业技术能力增加导致的市场推力和珠三角日益强化的资源、环境规制是引发跨国资本研发模式演变的主体因素。  相似文献